Ah b\u0259li, Nyu-York Fond Birjas\u0131, ticar\u0259t kainat\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zi olsa da, bir az daha \u0259yl\u0259nc\u0259 park\u0131na v\u0259 ya oyun meydan\u00e7as\u0131na b\u0259nz\u0259yir, el\u0259 deyilmi? G\u00f6zl\u0259rinizi yumun v\u0259 siz bunu t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr ed\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz, t\u0259la\u015f, t\u0259la\u015f, yerd\u0259 q\u0131\u015fq\u0131ran treyderl\u0259r, kostyumlar\u0131n aras\u0131ndan t\u0259rl\u0259y\u0259n v\u0259 k\u00f6yn\u0259kl\u0259rin d\u00fcym\u0259l\u0259rini ba\u011flayan yetkin ki\u015fil\u0259r a\u00e7\u0131q meydan\u00e7ada futbol oynayan v\u0259h\u015fi bir u\u015faq d\u0259st\u0259si kimi jestl\u0259ri il\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t edirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n
B\u0259s niy\u0259 bu m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 treyderl\u0259r v\u0259 brokerl\u0259r h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 q\u0259z\u0259bli k\u00fctl\u0259 kimi davran\u0131rlar? H\u0259r halda biz bu g\u00fcnl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259ks\u0259r ticar\u0259tl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn komp\u00fcterl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 etmirikmi? Bu informasiya \u0259sri, steril, ani \u00fcnsiyy\u0259tin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkil etdiyi d\u00f6vr deyilmi? Bu d\u0259lilik nec\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131? Niy\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 davam edir? Bu m\u0259qal\u0259, Wall Street v\u0259 bir \u00e7ox dig\u0259r ticar\u0259t \u00e7uxurlar\u0131n\u0131n futbol mat\u00e7\u0131ndan sonra i\u011fti\u015fa\u015flara b\u0259nz\u0259m\u0259sinin s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rini ara\u015fd\u0131racaq v\u0259 izah ed\u0259c\u0259k.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259, \u00c7ikaqodak\u0131 istiqraz \u00e7uxurlar\u0131ndan tutmu\u015f Yaponiyan\u0131n uzaqdak\u0131 Nikkei-y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r bir s\u0131ra ticar\u0259t birjalar\u0131 v\u0259 ticar\u0259t \u00e7uxurlar\u0131 var, lakin \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz ki, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur ticar\u0259t birjas\u0131 burada m\u00f6vcuddur. Manhettend\u0259 Wall Street v\u0259 Broad Street-in k\u0259si\u015fm\u0259si. Nyu-York Fond Birjas\u0131 (NYSE) 1792-ci ild\u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur Buttonwood m\u00fcqavil\u0259sinin 24 Nyu-York broker v\u0259 i\u015f adam\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 vaxtdan m\u00f6vcud idi. Birja dedikd\u0259 insanlar\u0131n \u00e7oxu a\u011fl\u0131na Dow-Jones Birjas\u0131 g\u0259lir. Bu, GE v\u0259 McDonald’s-dan Walmart-a q\u0259d\u0259r AB\u015e-dak\u0131 \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck otuz biznesd\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir.<\/p>\n
Prinsip sad\u0259dir; insanlar na\u011fd pul m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 s\u0259hml\u0259ri v\u0259 ya \u015firk\u0259tin sahiblik faizl\u0259rini (v\u0259 onun m\u0259nf\u0259\u0259t v\u0259 ya z\u0259r\u0259rl\u0259rini) almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn birja brokerl\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 edirl\u0259r. Pul v\u0259 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 otaqda s\u00fcr\u0259tli v\u0259 q\u0259z\u0259bli bir s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 u\u00e7du v\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259r d\u0259 var, buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 \u00fcmumi x\u0259yan\u0259t. \u018fsas\u0259n bu s\u0259hml\u0259r al\u0131\u015f qiym\u0259tin\u0259 raz\u0131l\u0131q ver\u0259n \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k iddia\u00e7\u0131ya “h\u0259rraca \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131l\u0131r”, buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 h\u0259r bir broker \u00f6z t\u0259klifini alma\u011fa v\u0259 s\u0259hmin qiym\u0259ti qalxmazdan \u0259vv\u0259l q\u0259bul etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Brokerl\u0259rin r\u0259qab\u0259t aparan brokerl\u0259ri ist\u0259dikl\u0259ri al\u0131\u015f qiym\u0259tin\u0259 bat\u0131rmaq v\u0259 d\u00f6ym\u0259k c\u0259hdi il\u0259 \u00f6z qiym\u0259tini v\u0259 q\u0259bulunu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn q\u0259d\u0259r y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259sl\u0259 q\u0131\u015fq\u0131rma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015faraq q\u0131\u015fq\u0131r\u0131qlar\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerdir. S\u0259hm ba\u015f\u0131na q\u0259pikl\u0259 bir saniy\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259l t\u0259klif almaq, bir b\u00f6y\u00fck s\u0259hm al\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan \u0259ld\u0259 edil\u0259n milyonlarla dollar m\u0259nf\u0259\u0259t aras\u0131ndak\u0131 f\u0259rqi ifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259r, bel\u0259likl\u0259, \u00e7ox \u015fey x\u0259td\u0259 olduqda istifad\u0259 olunan anilik v\u0259 g\u00fcc ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n
\u018fvv\u0259lc\u0259 ota\u011f\u0131n tenoru daha centlmen idi, \u00e7\u00fcnki h\u00f6rm\u0259tli i\u015f adamlar\u0131 v\u0259 brokerl\u0259r s\u0259hml\u0259ri m\u0259qbul bir s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 alq\u0131-satq\u0131 edirdil\u0259r v\u0259 s\u0259rv\u0259t sad\u0259c\u0259 varl\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r aras\u0131nda, bir ail\u0259d\u0259n dig\u0259rin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrd\u00fc. Rokfeller bu u\u011furlu, varl\u0131 adamlar\u0131n daha \u00e7ox s\u0259rv\u0259t yaradaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bil\u0259-bil\u0259 Ford v\u0259 ya Vanderbiltin bir hiss\u0259sini ala bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n
Amerika b\u00f6y\u00fcd\u00fckc\u0259 v\u0259 Amerika Arzusu do\u011fulduqca, adi xalq aksiyaya qo\u015fulmaq ist\u0259di. 1800-c\u00fc ill\u0259rin sonlar\u0131nda Amerikada S\u0259naye \u0130nqilab\u0131 ba\u015f verdikd\u0259n sonra fabrik i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259ri daha \u00e7ox \u015firk\u0259t pastas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apard\u0131qlar\u0131 v\u0259 n\u0259hay\u0259t daha yax\u015f\u0131 \u0259m\u0259k haqq\u0131 v\u0259 i\u015f \u015f\u0259raiti qazand\u0131qlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn orta sinif yarand\u0131. \u0130st\u0259nil\u0259n amerikal\u0131n\u0131n z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015f\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yi v\u0259 tez varlana bil\u0259c\u0259yi fikri k\u00f6k sald\u0131 v\u0259 Nyu-York Fond Birjas\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 daha yax\u015f\u0131 yol var idi.<\/p>\n
1920-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 bir \u00e7ox amerikal\u0131 fond bazar\u0131na s\u0259rmay\u0259 qoyurdu. Nyu-York Fond Birjas\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 inki\u015faf edirdi. Ani milyonerl\u0259r h\u0259r yerd\u0259 peyda olurdu. Ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f otaqlar\u0131nda lent yaz\u0131s\u0131 aparatlar\u0131 olan varl\u0131 amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n tamamil\u0259 yeni s\u0259viyy\u0259si var idi, onlara bazar qiym\u0259tl\u0259rini ani yenil\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r verildi. Bu, maklerl\u0259ri al\u0131c\u0131lar, yeni m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ril\u0259r v\u0259 sat\u0131nalma sifari\u015fl\u0259ri il\u0259 s\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131qlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn q\u0131\u015fq\u0131r\u0131q v\u0259 jestl\u0259r ciddi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Onlar q\u0131\u015fq\u0131rd\u0131lar, q\u0131\u015fq\u0131rd\u0131lar v\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 \u0259mrl\u0259rini almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259ll\u0259rini yell\u0259dil\u0259r. \u00d6lk\u0259nin m\u00f6vqeyi m\u00fcsb\u0259t idi. D\u00f6vr \u201cR\u0259ngl\u0259n\u0259n iyirmincil\u0259r\u201d kimi tan\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 onun m\u00f6vzu mahn\u0131s\u0131 \u201cMavi s\u0259malar\u201d idi, \u00e7\u00fcnki amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259r \u015fey g\u00fcl kimi g\u0259lirdi. \u0130stehlak krediti k\u00fctl\u0259vi s\u0259hm investisiyalar\u0131 say\u0259sind\u0259 art\u0131q istehsal olunan m\u0259hsullar\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131na k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Yegan\u0259 problem o idi ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu s\u0259rv\u0259t partlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, dem\u0259k olar ki, Ponzi sxemi kimi bir kart evind\u0259 tikilmi\u015fdi. S\u0259hml\u0259r qazanc \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259n yeni ba\u015flayan \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131, onlar sad\u0259c\u0259 \u00f6z kassalar\u0131n\u0131 investisiya pulu il\u0259 doldururdular v\u0259 birjada h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q \u00e7ox insan a\u00e7\u0131q \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunurdu. 9 il \u0259rzind\u0259, 1920-ci ild\u0259n 1929-cu il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r, s\u0259hm qiym\u0259tl\u0259ri he\u00e7 bir sonu g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259d\u0259n birba\u015fa y\u00fcks\u0259ldi.<\/p>\n
Bu, 1929-cu il oktyabr\u0131n 24-n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r, daha \u00e7ox Qara C\u00fcm\u0259 ax\u015fam\u0131 kimi tan\u0131n\u0131r. Bu, Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f \u015etatlar\u0131n indiy\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00fczl\u0259\u015fdiyi \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck iqtisadi f\u0259lak\u0259t olan B\u00f6y\u00fck Depressiyan\u0131n ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131na i\u015far\u0259 ed\u0259n B\u00f6y\u00fck Fond Bazar\u0131 Q\u0259zas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f verdiyi g\u00fcn idi. Maklerl\u0259r \u201csat, sat, sat\u201d dey\u0259 q\u0131\u015fq\u0131raraq, \u00e7ox gec olmadan itkil\u0259ri azaltma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsalar da, al\u0131c\u0131lar yox idi. \u0130nvestorlar k\u00fctl\u0259vi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 qa\u00e7d\u0131lar, \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti m\u00fcflis, s\u0131nm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 q\u0259piksiz idi.<\/p>\n
Buna baxmayaraq, Nyu-York Fond Birjas\u0131 \u0259zmkarl\u0131q g\u00f6st\u0259rdi v\u0259 h\u0259r bir birja v\u0259 ya bazarda oldu\u011fu kimi, o vaxtdan b\u0259ri \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u0259lat\u00fcml\u00fc eni\u015f v\u0259 eni\u015fl\u0259ri olub. Bu ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 Nyu-York Fond Birjas\u0131nda bir s\u0131ra zirv\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 vadil\u0259r olmu\u015fdur. \u018fn son q\u0259za 2008-ci ild\u0259 m\u0259nzil k\u00f6p\u00fcy\u00fc partlad\u0131qdan sonra ba\u015f verdi. Bazar h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 b\u0259rpa olunur. Ticar\u0259tin daha \u0259dal\u0259tli v\u0259 m\u0259qbul olmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7oxlu qaydalar q\u0259bul edilmi\u015fdir. G\u00fcnd\u0259lik treyderl\u0259rin ev komp\u00fcterind\u0259n ticar\u0259ti an\u0131nda al\u0131r v\u0259 sat\u0131r. \u018fslind\u0259, bu g\u00fcnl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259ks\u0259r ticar\u0259t komp\u00fcterl\u0259r vasit\u0259sil\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir.<\/p>\n
B\u0259s niy\u0259 kostyum geyinmi\u015f yetkin ki\u015fil\u0259r h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 be\u015f ya\u015fl\u0131 u\u015faq kimi q\u0131\u015fq\u0131r\u0131r, q\u0131\u015fq\u0131r\u0131r v\u0259 jest edir? Bu, he\u00e7 vaxt d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259y\u0259n bir \u015feydir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00fcnki Nyu-York Birjas\u0131 h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 h\u0259rrac evi sistemidir v\u0259 h\u0259r bir DOW ticar\u0259ti bu m\u0259\u015fhur m\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259nin sonunda ba\u015f verir. E*Trade-d\u0259 al\u0131\u015f-veri\u015f ets\u0259niz bel\u0259, ticar\u0259t bir broker t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n asanla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lan Nyu-York Fond Birjas\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259sind\u0259 q\u0259bul edilir v\u0259 tamamlan\u0131r. Komp\u00fcterl\u0259r v\u0259 kommunikasiya sisteml\u0259rind\u0259ki texnoloji ir\u0259lil\u0259yi\u015fl\u0259r say\u0259sind\u0259 q\u0131\u015fq\u0131r\u0131q n\u0259 laz\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r, n\u0259 d\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r, lakin h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 r\u0259qab\u0259t\u0259 qalib g\u0259lm\u0259k m\u0259cburiyy\u0259tind\u0259 qalan brokerl\u0259r var. \u018fslind\u0259, \u0259l siqnallar\u0131 indi birja brokerl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha vacibdir, buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 onlar faktiki alq\u0131-satq\u0131 sifari\u015fi ver\u0259n m\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rin\u0259 tez siqnal ver\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r. Bu, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131l\u011f\u0131n jestl\u0259ri izah edir..<\/p>\n
“Sifari\u015fl\u0259r birja \u00fczvl\u0259ri olan broker firmalar\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 daxil olur v\u0259 birjan\u0131n ticar\u0259t etdiyi m\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259d\u0259ki m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir yer\u0259 ged\u0259n m\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259 brokerl\u0259rin\u0259 ax\u0131r. Ticar\u0259t m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259si kimi tan\u0131nan bu yerd\u0259, kimi tan\u0131nan x\u00fcsusi bir \u015f\u0259xs var. i\u015fi al\u0131c\u0131 v\u0259 sat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 uy\u011funla\u015fd\u0131rmaq olan m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssis.”<\/em><\/p>\n V\u0259h\u015fi a\u015fkar jestl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k v\u0259 laz\u0131m olduqda q\u0131\u015fq\u0131raraq, sifari\u015fin e\u015fidilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn brokerl\u0259rin bu g\u00fcnl\u0259rd\u0259 auksion\u00e7u il\u0259 o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 \u00e7ox deyil, \u00f6z t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015flar\u0131 il\u0259 \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t qurdu\u011funu e\u015fitm\u0259k olar. S\u0259s-k\u00fcy v\u0259 q\u0259z\u0259b zamanla o q\u0259d\u0259r g\u00fccl\u0259nir ki, k\u00f6hn\u0259 k\u00fctl\u0259 \u00f6z \u00e7irkin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 qald\u0131r\u0131r v\u0259 k\u0259nar adama sanki reqbi skram\u0131 qopmu\u015f kimi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u018fslind\u0259, bu, sad\u0259c\u0259 olaraq, \u00e7oxlu sayda ticar\u0259tin g\u00f6zl\u0259rinizin \u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 v\u0259 qulaqlar\u0131n\u0131za z\u0259r\u0259r verm\u0259si dem\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n Y\u0259qin ki, Nyu-York Birjas\u0131nda h\u0259r \u015feyin sakit oldu\u011fu g\u00fcn g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k, amma bu, \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 \u0259yl\u0259nc\u0259li olmayacaq. \u00c7ox g\u00fcman ki, yerd\u0259 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 insan treyderl\u0259ri olacaq, onlar\u0131n \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131n\u0131n ke\u00e7diyin\u0259 \u0259min olacaqlar v\u0259 bu, h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 q\u0131\u015fq\u0131rmaq v\u0259 \u0259l i\u015far\u0259l\u0259ri dem\u0259k olacaq. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, indi bilirsiniz ki, n\u00f6vb\u0259ti d\u0259f\u0259 Nyu-York Fond Birjas\u0131ndan q\u0259z\u0259bli video klipi g\u00f6r\u0259nd\u0259 brokerl\u0259r pe\u015f\u0259kar g\u00fcl\u0259\u015f\u00e7i v\u0259 ya siyas\u0259t\u00e7i olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259\u015fq etmirl\u0259r. Onlar t\u0259yyar\u0259ni u\u00e7u\u015f-enm\u0259 zola\u011f\u0131nda nec\u0259 idar\u0259 etm\u0259yi \u00f6yr\u0259nmirl\u0259r v\u0259 ya yax\u0131n futbol oyununun k\u0259nar\u0131nda sevimli NFL ba\u015f m\u0259\u015fq\u00e7isini t\u0259qlid etmirl\u0259r. Onlar sad\u0259c\u0259 pul qazanma\u011fa v\u0259 ya m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ril\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259na\u0259t etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. \u018fg\u0259r siz h\u0259min m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ril\u0259rd\u0259n biri olsan\u0131z v\u0259 bu sizin pulunuzdursa, h\u0259tta yaln\u0131z 401K v\u0259 ya pensiya fondunuz olsa bel\u0259, bu \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131n q\u0131\u015fq\u0131rma\u011fa d\u0259y\u0259r oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz.<\/p>\n