D\u00fcnyadak\u0131 fond bazarlar\u0131 h\u0259r bir bazar\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n s\u0259hml\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcxt\u0259lif “\u0130ndeksl\u0259r” saxlay\u0131r. H\u0259r bir \u0130ndeks m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir s\u0259naye seqmentini v\u0259 ya geni\u015f bazar\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259msil edir. Bir \u00e7ox hallarda, bu indeksl\u0259r \u00f6zl\u0259ri ticar\u0259t al\u0259tl\u0259ridir v\u0259 bu x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259t “\u0130ndeks Ticar\u0259ti” kimi istinad edilir. \u0130ndeks \u0130ndeksi t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rin (h\u0259m\u00e7inin \u0130ndeksin “komponentl\u0259ri” kimi d\u0259 tan\u0131n\u0131r) \u00fcmumi \u015f\u0259klini t\u0259msil edir.<\/p>\n
M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, S&P 500 \u0130ndeksi AB\u015e-da geni\u015f bazar indeksidir. Bu \u0130ndeksin komponentl\u0259ri bazar kapitalla\u015fmas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 AB\u015e-\u0131n 500 \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015firk\u0259tidir (h\u0259m\u00e7inin “B\u00f6y\u00fck Kapak” kimi istinad edilir). S&P 500 \u0130ndeksi h\u0259m\u00e7inin Futures & Options bazarlar\u0131nda sat\u0131la bil\u0259n al\u0259tdir v\u0259 o, Options bazar\u0131nda SPX simvollar\u0131 v\u0259 Futures bazarlar\u0131nda \/ES simvolu alt\u0131nda ticar\u0259t edir. \u0130nstitusional investorlar, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 f\u0259rdi investorlar v\u0259 treyderl\u0259r SPX v\u0259 \/ES il\u0259 ticar\u0259t etm\u0259k imkan\u0131na malikdirl\u0259r. SPX yaln\u0131z adi bazar ticar\u0259t saatlar\u0131nda sat\u0131la bil\u0259r, lakin \/ES Futures bazarlar\u0131nda dem\u0259k olar ki, 24 saat \u0259rzind\u0259 sat\u0131la bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n
\u0130ndeks ticar\u0259tinin \u00e7ox populyar olmas\u0131n\u0131n bir ne\u00e7\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259bi var. SPX v\u0259 ya \/ES \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rin b\u00fct\u00fcn S&P 500 indeksinin mikrokosmosunu t\u0259msil etdiyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 investor SPX v\u0259 \/ES m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rinin 1 Se\u00e7imini v\u0259 ya G\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k m\u00fcqavil\u0259sini ald\u0131qda \u0130ndeksi t\u0259msil ed\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u0259hml\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259tin\u0259 d\u0259rhal m\u0259ruz qal\u0131r. m\u00fcvafiq olaraq. Bu, AB\u015e-dak\u0131 \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 bir m\u00fchafiz\u0259nin rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131na daxil olan ani diversifikasiya dem\u0259kdir. \u0130nvestorlar yaln\u0131z bir ne\u00e7\u0259 \u015firk\u0259t s\u0259hml\u0259rinin saxlanmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fk\u0259nliyin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daim portfelin diversifikasiyas\u0131na can at\u0131rlar. \u0130ndeks m\u00fcqavil\u0259sinin al\u0131nmas\u0131 bu diversifikasiyaya nail olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn asan bir yol t\u0259qdim edir.<\/p>\n
\u0130ndeks ticar\u0259tinin populyarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ikinci s\u0259b\u0259bi, \u0130ndeksin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn dizayn\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ndeksd\u0259ki h\u0259r bir \u015firk\u0259t qiym\u0259t h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tin\u0259 g\u0259ldikd\u0259 \u0130ndeksl\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n \u0259laq\u0259y\u0259 malikdir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, biz tez-tez qeyd ed\u0259 bil\u0259rik ki, \u0130ndeks y\u00fcks\u0259ldikd\u0259 v\u0259 ya d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fckd\u0259, komponent ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti d\u0259 \u00e7ox ox\u015far \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259lir v\u0259 ya azal\u0131r. B\u0259zi s\u0259hml\u0259r \u0130ndeksd\u0259n daha \u00e7ox y\u00fcks\u0259l\u0259 bil\u0259r v\u0259 b\u0259zi s\u0259hml\u0259r \u0130ndeksd\u0259ki ox\u015far h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0130ndeksd\u0259n daha \u00e7ox d\u00fc\u015f\u0259 bil\u0259r. S\u0259hm v\u0259 onun \u0259sas \u0130ndeksi aras\u0131ndak\u0131 bu \u0259laq\u0259 s\u0259hmin \u201cBeta\u201ds\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0259hm v\u0259 \u0130ndeks aras\u0131nda ke\u00e7mi\u015f qiym\u0259t m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 baxaraq, h\u0259r bir s\u0259hm \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Beta hesablan\u0131r v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn ticar\u0259t platformalar\u0131nda m\u00f6vcuddur. Bu, investora SPX v\u0259 ya \/ES al\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n sayda m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259ri almaq v\u0259 ya satmaqla s\u0259hml\u0259r portfelini itkil\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 hedcinq etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir. Ticar\u0259t platformalar\u0131 portfelinizi SPX v\u0259 \/ES-\u0259 d\u0259rhal “Beta \u00c7\u0259km\u0259k” \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fib. Geni\u015f bir bazar \u00e7\u00f6km\u0259si qa\u00e7\u0131lmaz olduqda v\u0259 ya art\u0131q davam ed\u0259rk\u0259n bu, b\u00f6y\u00fck bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u0130ndeks ticar\u0259tinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fc ondan ibar\u0259tdir ki, o, investorlara ticar\u0259t v\u0259 investisiya yana\u015fmalar\u0131nda bazarlara \u201cmakro bax\u0131\u015f\u201d alma\u011fa imkan verir. Onlar art\u0131q S&P 500 \u0130ndeksind\u0259ki ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rin nec\u0259 performans g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyind\u0259n narahat olmayacaqlar. \u00c7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck bir \u015firk\u0259t \u00f6z i\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015fs\u0259 bel\u0259, bu \u015firk\u0259tin geni\u015f bazar \u0130ndeksin\u0259 t\u0259siri dig\u0259r \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rin yax\u015f\u0131 i\u015f apara bilm\u0259si il\u0259 azal\u0131r. Bu, diversifikasiyan\u0131n verm\u0259li oldu\u011fu effektdir. \u0130nvestorlar \u00f6z yana\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 f\u0259rdi \u015firk\u0259t n\u00fcanslar\u0131na deyil, geni\u015f bazar amill\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259saslanaraq uy\u011funla\u015fd\u0131ra bil\u0259rl\u0259r ki, bu da izl\u0259m\u0259k \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259tin ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n
\u0130ndeks ticar\u0259tinin m\u0259nfi c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259ri odur ki, geni\u015f bazarlardan g\u0259lirl\u0259r ad\u0259t\u0259n orta v\u0259 yuxar\u0131 t\u0259k r\u0259q\u0259mli r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259rd\u0259 orta hesabla (orta hesabla t\u0259xmin\u0259n 6-8%) olur, halbuki investorlar f\u0259rdi s\u0259hml\u0259rd\u0259n daha b\u00f6y\u00fck g\u0259lir \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k imkan\u0131na malikdirl\u0259r. f\u0259rdi s\u0259hml\u0259r\u0259 sahib olmaq il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 ged\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015fk\u0259nlik.<\/p>\n